Introducció cosmologia

Course outline

• Ancient history of Physical Cosmology (si surt algo serà una pregunta de test)
  • Historical background: from Babylon to Greece
  • Medieval astronomy
  • The Copernican revolution
  • From Newton to the Victorian Universe
  • The (pre-relativistic) vision of the cosmos in the early twentieth century
• Einstein's gravity (~ 10 sesions)
  • Special relativity
  • Lorentz transformations
  • Minkowski spacetime and 4-vectors
  • The principle of equivalence: General Relativity begins
  • Curved spacetime
  • The stress energy-tensor and Einstein field equations
  • The cosmological principle
  • The Friedman-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) metric
  • The cosmological constant
  • Redshift
  • Dynamics and geometry of the universe
• Physical Cosmology (~ 3/4 sessions)
  • The Hubble law
  • Cosmography (aproximating $a(t)$ by its Taylor series)
    • Local approximations to $t(z)$ and $r(z)$
    • Luminosity distance
    • Angular distance
  • Friedmann models: $a(t)$ solutions
• From the hot Big Bang to the $\Lambda$CDM concordant model
  • I. Early days
    • Alexander Friedmann (1888-1925)
    • Georges Lemaître (1893-1966)
    • Edwin Hubble (1889-1953)
  • II. Modern developments
    • • Dark matter
      • The nucleosynthesis of elements: the big bang prevails
      • Cosmic inflation
      • Recent CMBR observations
      • The accelerated expansion of the universe: dark energy
      • Baryon Acoustic Oscillations
      • Summary: the concordant $\Lambda$CDM model
• Thermal history of the early universe (no arribarem a fer-lo però bueno)
  • Decoupling
  • Particle abundances
  • The second law of thermodynamics when gravity cannot be ignored

Bibliography

See introduction presentation.